Common Corneal Conditions: Symptoms & Treatment

In Singapore, the increasing prevalence of common corneal conditions is linked to factors such as our ageing population, contact lens misuse, environmental influences, and systemic health issues. Early recognition of symptoms and timely access to appropriate treatment from a qualified cornea specialist are crucial for preserving vision and preventing long-term complications.

At Eye & Cornea Surgeons, we are committed to providing patients with comprehensive care for a wide range of corneal diseases, supported by modern diagnostics and personalised treatment options.

Common Cornea Conditions and Diseases in Singapore

The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye. It is vital for focusing light onto the retina, which gives clear vision. Damaged or diseased cornea can seriously affect sight and might even cause blindness if not treated.

Such conditions can include:

• Keratoconus
  

  This is a degenerative condition in which the cornea becomes thin and cone-shaped, leading to distorted and blurred vision. It often develops in adolescence or early adulthood and may require long-term monitoring by a cornea specialist.

• Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy
  

  This age-related disorder affects the innermost corneal layer, leading to swelling, clouding, and impaired vision, often worse in the morning.

• Corneal Ulcers
  

  These are open sores on the corneal surface caused by infections (bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic), often linked to contact lens wear. Corneal ulcers are considered an ocular emergency.

• Corneal Injuries and Abrasions
  

  Resulting from trauma, chemical exposure, or foreign bodies, these cause acute symptoms and increase the risk of secondary infections.

• Dry Eye Disease
  

  This occurs when the eyes do not produce enough or stable tears, leading to corneal dryness, irritation, and potential surface damage in chronic cases.

Symptoms of Corneal Diseases

While symptoms vary depending on the condition, common warning signs include:

• Redness or cloudiness around the cornea
• Blurred or fluctuating vision
• Eye pain or discomfort
• Excessive tearing or watery eyes
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Headaches associated with visual strain
• A gritty, stinging, burning, or scratching sensation in the eyes

If any of these symptoms persist, prompt evaluation by an eye specialist is essential.

Treatment Options

Managing corneal diseases effectively depends on the specific diagnosis and severity of the condition. Here are common treatment options:

• Medications: These include lubricating drops for dry eye, antibiotics to combat infections, and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
• Laser Treatments: For surface-level conditions, procedures like phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) can help remove scar tissue or irregularities, improving corneal smoothness.
• Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL): This treatment is used in early to moderate keratoconus to strengthen the corneal structure and halt disease progression.
• Corneal Transplant: Recommended for severe or vision-threatening cases, this involves replacing damaged corneal layers with healthy donor tissue to restore sight.
• Artificial Cornea (Keratoprosthesis): This advanced option is considered for complex cases where multiple traditional transplants have failed or donor tissue is not suitable.

At Eye & Cornea Surgeons, our experienced ophthalmologists offer personalised treatment plans using the latest surgical and non-surgical techniques to restore and preserve vision.

If you are experiencing eye discomfort, blurred vision, or symptoms related to a corneal condition or injury, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. Book your consultation with our trusted team today.